IGCSE Economics course emphasize in the basic concepts needed for students to understand main economic theories. For example, in an approach to microeconomic theory, it includes themes like: the basic economic problem, resource allocation, the individual as producer, consumer and borrower, the role of a government in an economy and the private firm. On the other hand, in terms of macroeconomics and international aspects, the course provide a wide range of topics such as: economic indicators, developed and developing economies, current account of the balance of payment, exchange rates, the merits of the free trade, the merits of protection, among others. These economic theories are not to be studied in a vacuum-rather, they are to be applied to real-world issues. Prominent among these issues are fluctuations in economic activity and environmental sustainability.